Islam And Human Cloning Religion Essay

Islam And Human cl unrivaled Religion EssayAdvances in medical engine room in the contemporary world extradite promised several answers to disciplines that have remained of concern in medicine. The current advancements in the field of worldkind clone for example have named new hopes in the minds of most medical professionals and the ecumenical public especially in the case of dealing with the emerging and re-emerging infectious and non-infectious diseases (Klotzko, 2001). However, the increase of copy as a technological advancement though anticipated has raised long questions with heated sees being raised round the issue. Though it has became a matter of newton for thinks to occur in the field of science, scientists, scholars, politicians and ghostlike groups have been the major groups concerned with issues of science. Among the debates concerned with man re-create entails the spiritual views and arguments. With non-homogeneous organized religions holding varying a rguments and attitudes towards copy of benevolent beings, the issue has raised several sacred ideas (Sadeghi, 2007).In my look for, I aim at addressing the various perspectives ab pop human copy that the Moslem religion holds. In the exploration of the debate astir(predicate) human copy, I bequeath also make distinct attempts to identify the various risks as puff up as benefits that ar accrued by means of the procedures pertain in human clone as well as the general aspect. However, my major emphasis will be on the cloning means for unearthly concerns close to conception and animation. Further in the paper, I will assess the honourable status of the human conceptus which has formed the major area of current debate in the Islamic teachings and later conclude the paper with the assessment of the truth behind the religious debates. blueprintIntroductionBrief context (as show above)Thesis statement- The development of cloning as a technological advancement though antici pated has raised enormous questions with heated debates being raised slightly the issue especially in the religious field.Description of structure of argumentSection 1 The ethical debate surrounding human cloningParagraph 1- The global debate on human cloning applied science.Revisit KlotzkoParagraph 2- Criticisms and skepticism surrounding human cloningRevisit Cahill, Sadeghi and Caplan.Paragraph 3- Issue of ethics and the response of governments and key resolutions.Revisit KlotzkoSection 2 Implications of Human CloningParagraphs 1 and 2- The negative consequences of human cloning (moral and ethical issues).Revisit Howie, Cahill, Gillon, KlotzkoParagraph 3- Benefits of human cloning engineering science especially in therapeutics. The views of proponents.Revisit Willgoos and AgnihotriSection 3 Human Cloning and IslamParagraph 1 Islamic debates about cloning as a technology and the key tenets of their religious views.Revisit Sadeghi, Voneky WolfrumSection 3.1 Human Cloning and E thics in IslamParagraphs 1-5 Describes the Islamic social teachings, beliefs, morals and values. The issue of human cloning and human life will be explored.Revisit Howie, Cahill and Klotzko.Section 3.2 construct and Islamic ReligionParagraphs 1 -2 The Islamic views about conception and life and their nexus to human cloning.Use Sadeghi and Al-Mazkur et al.Section 4 Conclusion and RecommendationsAn nonated BibliographyCahill, L. S. (2006). Bioethics. Theological Studies, 67 1, pp 120+. Accessed on eighth February 2011 from This is a journal article that addresses the issue of stem cell research in bioethics literature. The article describes various calls for the inhibition of the human cloning project and the reaction of governments towards the issue. Further, the article explores debates about the moral status of embryos according to theological perspectives. This article holds strong relevance to my research as it addresses the moral status of the embryo which is the rally point in human cloning and Islamic religion.Howie, J. (2002). Ethical Issues for a New Millennium. Carbondale and Edwardsville Southern Illinois University Press. Accessed on 8th February 2011 fromThis is an edited book that outlines the current ethical issues. Chapter five of this book which is authored by Richard M. Zaner and titled, what a wonderful world creates a very interesting issue about human genome project. The chapter addresses several ethical issues about human cloning project that has promised the creation of a replica of human being. This chapter will help me in addressing the issue of ethics in human cloning and the relevant problems that the project has led to.Klotzko, A. J. (Ed) (2001). The Cloning Sourcebook. New York Oxford University Press.This is an edited book that has unique and concise information on cloning. The books strength lies on its exploration on various aspects of cloning. Further, the book gives notes on each chapter covered that makes it easy to use esp ecially in my research. The book will therefore help me address issues such as the ethical debates about human cloning. Its several topics that cover several aspects of cloning will also help me explore broadly the required ideas in my research paperSadeghi, M. (2007). Islamic Perspectives on Human Cloning. Bioethics Press, ProQuest LLC, diary of Human Reproduction and Genetic Ethics, 13 2 32+. Accessed on 8th February 2011 from This Journal article describes the Islamic perspectives on human cloning according to the views of jurists and Islamic jurisprudence. The article further explores the extent of current debate on this issue and gives out the probable dangerous outcomes of cloning. The articles will enable me get the required information on the catastrophic outcomes of human cloning as well as the various Islamic views about human cloning especially the views of jurists and Muslim world.Voneky, S. Wolfrum, R. (Eds) (2004). Human Dignity and Human Cloning. Boston Martinus Ni jhoff. Accessed on 8th February 2011 from This is a very little book that gives concrete information on the issue of human cloning. The book addresses the issue of human cloning in relation to human dignity. It addresses creation and human dignity in the Islamic religion as well as other religions. This book will therefore help me to relate whether cloning is damaging to human dignity as well as the dilemmas that human cloning has caused.Running head Human Cloning and ReligionEssayHuman Cloning The Islamic Religion perspectivesNameUniversityCourseTutorDateAbstractThe development of cloning as a technology in genomics and biotechnology has been met by the highest controversies in the world. Though the technology promises answers to several issues that have disturbed the minds of m some(prenominal) scientists, it has been met with much criticism and controversies. Scientists have for a long time anticipated about coming up with human beings through the use of cloning techniques basi ng their facts on the successive applications of the technology in both plants and animals. Though the therapeutic use of this technology has been accepted by most people in the world, the use of the technology in coming up with new human life has been criticized by religious groups and governments. The Islamic religion is one of the religions that have showed differing views and attitudes towards this technology. The religion does not entertain the application of this technology citing its beliefs, teachings, morals, values and ethics. This research paper explored the human cloning technology in regard to the perspectives of Islamic religion.Human Cloning The Islamic Religion perspectivesIntroductionThe issue of cloning gained fame during the year 1996 when a lamb famously know as Dolly, was born in Scotland later the mammary glands of a female adult sheep were cloned using scientific procedures. This raised the reactions that human cloning was also affirmable basing on the succe ss of cloning procedures in animals. Human cloning, as described by Willgoos (2001, para 6) refers to the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer to create a human embryo which has the potential to be implanted into a womans uterus and develop into a child. Due to advancements in research, several research institutions do several attempts with high efforts to come up with human beings through cloning.However according to Klotzko (2001) these attempts in research on human cloning have been met with conflate reactions in the political, scientific, and religious arenas. Though no scientist has announced success in cloning human beings, most nations have strictly addresses the idea and possibility of achieving arrogant results in human cloning with several groups citing the potential implications, moral responses as well as the legal aspects involved in the cloning of human beings. The religious sector has been in the forefront in addressing the issue of human cloning with religions having varied views and attitudes about the human cloning issue (Sadeghi, 2007).The Islamic religion is far-famed as one of the religions that had varied views throughout the advancements in human cloning research. This essay addresses the ethical debate surrounding the issue of human cloning in a broader perspective. The essay briefly explores the major risks and benefits that cloning as a scientific aspect can lead to especially in the case of human beings. In a deeper insight, this essay paper addresses the various religious views about human cloning in respect to the Islamic religion especially around conception and life.The Ethical Debate Surrounding Human CloningSince scientists identified in 1998 that through isolation and culturing of embryonic cells in human beings they could come up with genetically modified cells of human beings that could be used in therapeutic measures, heated debates arose with concerns over the ethical use of human cells in therapy. Continued advanc ements saying scientists disputation that they could as well clone human beings. This raised concerns about the perceived success of cloning technology with several politicians and religious groups terming the procedure as primitive and unethical (Klotzko, 2001).The debate about the ethics about human cloning was however met with criticisms with several groups becoming hostile and skeptical. Caplan (2001) describes the ethical debate as having raised hostility and skepticism towards human cloning issue. Skeptical views raised by several personalities as argued by Cahill (2006) were based on the idea that the powerful supporters of cloning were only aiming at achieving their hidden agendas accordingly their committed efforts to advance the scientific idea. Cahill (2006) denotes that further skeptical issues were about the constitutional and fundamental rights of the Americans that allowed them to reproduce through any means. Moreover, scientists argued that the advancement of sci ence should not be hindered by ethical debates against what they perceived as the golden chances of scientific breakthroughs as well as avenues of gaining fame (Sadeghi, 2007).The issue of ethics in human cloning was therefore termed as of low relevance since the technology is seen as having potential in scientific advancements. However, as de tell by Klotzko (2001), governments such as the American government have withdrawn their funding in cloning research projects as well as passing laws criminalize research in human cloning. As ethical debates had stopped the use of several technologies since the World War II, the success of ethics in regard to human cloning has been seen as of no potency (Klotzko, 2001).The lack of potency regarding ethics in human cloning can be seen through the continuous charge of bills tabled before the Congress that aimed at banning cloning in human beings. With continued debates and legislative measures and initiatives aimed at banning human cloning, it remains doubtful whether these initiatives will be fruitful (Klotzko, 2001).Implications of Human CloningThe idea of cloning human beings as noted by Gillon in Klotzko (2001) has not been positively addressed. With several countries banning research in human cloning and having been termed by the World Health Organization as ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and ethics (Gillon in Klotzko, 2001, p 184), only the negative implications and disapprovals of this technology are highly perceived. Gillon (in Klotzko, 2001, p 184) denotes that human cloning treats people as means and not as ends, undermines human dignity, human rights, personal autonomy, personality, individuality, and individual uniqueness it turns people into carbon copies, photocopies, stencils, and fakes it would be dangerous and scatheful to those to whom it was done, as well as to their families it would particularly harm the women who would be bearing the babies (p. 184).Further, human cloning h as been cited by the European parliament as an unjust procedure that contravenes the equality nature of human beings as well as leading to discrimination in women (Cahill, 2006). There are two major qualitys of cloning that have raised negative concerns. The first one is the type of human cloning that involves the extraction of a human embryo cell and then cloning it to achieve an embryo of identical nature. The other type of cloning that was exercised during the cloning of the Dolly sheep includes the extraction of the nucleus from a cell and then inserting it into a sac of the other nucleus cell to be cloned (Howie, 2002).Despite the discussed moral and ethical issues that term human cloning as a detrimental procedure, there are several proponents of the procedure who cite several benefits (Willgoos, 2001). Scientists and politicians as noted by Willgoos (2001) have cited that research on human cloning must be continued since this procedure promises a great potential in the devel opment of science and medicine as well as benefiting the existence of human beings. Agnihotri (2008) argues that the procedures and techniques involved in human cloning can be used in the production of therapies for cure of infectious and serious diseases such as diabetes, cancer, heart diseases as well as in the transplantation of organs. Further, cloning can be used as a research tool that can be useful in the scientific revolution especially in revolutionalizing study of cells. Therefore, cloning becomes useful in the study of cell differentiation in biotechnology and medicine (Agnihotri, 2008).Human Cloning and IslamThe issue of cloning has taken central debate in the Islamic religion. Though Muslims are rarely interested in the technology, they are much concerned with the overall biological, social and ethical impacts of the procedures involved in cloning. The central tenets of Islamic perspectives on human cloning are centered on at least three major perspectives (Voneky Wolf rum, 2004). The first issue is on how human embryonic cloning goes contrary to the ethical teachings and beliefs of Islam and whether it can be accepted in the religion. Secondly, the consequences of cloning to the Islamic society in particular and the general society is of particular interest and thirdly, the Islamic consideration of the wooden leg at which a developing embryo can be termed as a reenforcement being is also a central issue (Sadeghi, 2007).Human Cloning and Ethics in IslamThe Islamic ethical frameworks as well as the religious and social teachings regarding human life are the most critical issues about human cloning in the Islamic religion. As argued by Cahill (2006), Muslims question about human cloning basing their arguments on the teachings of the Quran that view human beings as distinct creations from God and hence no person should try to act as God. Cahill (2006) further denotes that the Islamic teaching relate the cloning of human beings as attempts to copy t he work of God and is bound to lead to various errors in matrimonial births. As argued by Caplan (2001), this has the capacity of disintegrating the family composition as well as tampering with the social lives of most human beings.Further, the Islamic religion questions the procedure arguing that it automatically interferes with the growth of families as well as affecting aspects of motherhood and fatherhood. Rab Khayat (n.d) show the Muslims argument that God created a female and a male so that the two could join hands and form a family through procreation. It was the wish of God that a man and a woman shall together procreate in order to fill the earth. It therefore becomes questionable what the role of marriage would play if several individuals are able to come up with human beings through cloning. This as noted by Klotzko(2001) means that a man will not be in need of a woman and vice verse hence contravening the wishes of God , the creator of human beings. Though Cahill (200 6) does not state this aspect, in biological perspectives, it becomes obvious that a man may turn out to be superfluous contrary to females whose ova and uterus will be in much need. As denoted by Caplan (2001), this fact is enough to create a corruption of the social functioning as well as affecting the natural balance since human cloning is believed to interfere with all the functions of interpersonal relations.According to Islamic teachings, the relationship between spouses signifies the cornerstone of the functioning of social institutions that was the reason why Allah created a male and a female and blessed them to become one entity. Therefore the connection of a man and a female as demanded by religion is contravened by the manipulation of embryo through human cloning. Though Muslims hold a unanimous endorsement on the use of cloning in therapeutical advancements, Sadeghi (2007) argues that the Sunni and Shiites demand that the lineage of a child must not in any instance be r eligiously blemished. Due to this, the Islamic religion as denoted by Howie (2002) therefore demands that the lineage involved in the reproduction must not be contravened through procedures such as human cloning and hence must be bound within the limits of spousal associations.The Islamic stand regarding human cloning based on the religions teachings, morals, beliefs and ethics therefore is that cloning of human embryo is a moral as well as religious contravention and therefore the technology must not be employed in any aspect apart from in therapy (Howie, 2002).The consequences of cloning to the Islamic society are also key issues about this technology to the Islamic religion. According to the religion, due to the advancement of this technology, there are fears about the ability of human beings to regenerate of course (Howie, 2002). Therefore this technology acts contrary to the values and systems in which the human nature has acted within since history. Due to the consequences t hat human cloning holds, then the Islamic religion is confirm to act against all forms of human cloning. According to Klotzko (2001), though Islam as a religion encourages the development of research as noted by Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi one of the leading Islamic researchers, the creation of new human beings through artificial shipway however contravenes the morals of the religion. This therefore creates a very big plow in the perception of human cloning and therefore becomes a very difficult issue to address even in the contemporary society (Howie, 2002).Conception and Islamic ReligionSince this research aimed at also addressing the religious views about conception, it is worth to scrutinize the Islamic views about conception and life. Human cloning is believed to in the first place tamper with the natural development of the embryos (Sadeghi, 2007). A seminar held in Kuwait in 1985 addressed the issue of Human life with key insights on inception with particular interest on the I slamic religious beliefs and teachings. This seminar believed that inception consists of three stages. The first stage as described in the seminar was the fertilization stage of ova and sperm to form the zygote where the genetic composition is developed. The second stage is when the fertilized zygote is implanted in the womb while the third stage is reached when life is embedded into the developing fetus which according to Islam starts at day 120 after inception (Al-Mazkur et al, 1985).According to the teachings of Islam, since conception, an embryo is considered as a living intimacy and therefore must not be tampered with even through abortion. However, the moment when life is embedded into the embryo, it acquires full human status which occurs 120 days after inception. This shows that Islam as a religion does not in its full status prohibit early embryonic research though it questions the ethical and moral ways through which this research is carried out (Sadeghi, 2007).Conclusion and RecommendationsThe issue of human cloning has taken central debates in the contemporary world. This research has established that though research in medicine and science holds a promising advancement through cloning, the technology is under much criticism. From government bans, withdrawal of funding for research to religious concerns, research in human cloning has not been simple to conduct. The Islamic religion though does not prohibit therapeutic cloning has been against human cloning technology citing ethical, moral, as well as religious beliefs and values against the technology. Further, with the detrimental consequences that outweigh the merits, the technology remains a prohibition throughout the world.It is therefore obligatory to recommend that though scientists aim at advancing research in science, the debate on human cloning should not be centered on the scientific merits only. Further, scientific advances cannot be termed as threats to religious belief and values but the human culture and values must be borne into the minds of all the stakeholders involved in human cloning research and development. I can therefore recommend that since the world aims at advancing in technology and research, constructive intercourse is necessary that will enable the development of consensus regarding all the aspects of an upcoming technology.